Microfilms (or: will there ever be a new CMS20?)

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Crysist

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If you use marbles to fill up the air space or blanket the bottle with argon or butane the storage life of an open bottle is nearly that of a never-opened one. Six months shouldn't be a big deal.

I have a question to add to this: when people talk about shelf life of chemistry air is usually the main culprit for making things go bad, but in discussions on glass there's less talk about air being a problem. Is most of the problem air presents not the amount left in the bottle, but the outgassing of the storage container material? Like a plastic vs glass vs metal, etc.?

Anyway, I personally jumped from a b&w monobath to a 3-bath E6 kit lol, but for storage I got glass bottles because they seemed far easier to clean and cost a similar amount to some plastic bottles. Unless you drink a lot of soda, then you probably have a lot of 1L bottles to spare for "free". And if they're club soda or fancy water they'll usually be glass
 

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Not outgassing as such, but permeability. The antioxidant(s) in the chemistry will scavenge the oxygen out of a small volume of air pretty promptly without "using up" too much of the preservative -- but with most plastics the permeability of the material means more oxygen can enter the bottle via the pressure differential this creates. PET (used for carbonated beverages) and glass don't do this (though glass is vulnerable to strong hydroxide alkali dissolving the glass).

This is why it's generally recommended not to store developers (especially) in HDPE (polyethylene) or polypropylene bottles. Wine bags (or other kinds of impermeable liquid storage bags) are another good choice, as they're as impermeable as PET and additionally won't allow air inside when you dispense chemical for use -- improving your chances of using up a 5L commercial developer pack before it loses strength.
 

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Glass Boston round bottles with phenolic caps can be had for quite cheap and are worth the modest investment. Splitting up a 100-mL bottle of Adox HR-Dev, for example, into three or four 1-oz (30 mL) bottles will likely help extend its shelf life far in excess of a year (probably a few years, really), provided you fill them to the brim. By doing so, you'd really only have to worry about losing the one partial bottle because of oxidation... but even that would likely take months, which is the case for most chemicals.

The one exception to this that I've found is Part C in C-41 developers (e.g., Kodak Flexicolor, Fuji Neg N1-R, etc.). While Parts A and B are quite stable, Part C will oxidize inside a partially filled bottle within just a few weeks. When it does, it'll turn from a transparent, straw-colored liquid to a virtually opaque red-brown. At that point, it can't be reliably used (you will still get developed negatives, of course, but the density and color will fall well outside of control tolerances).
 

cptrios

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I had some pretty odd results with HR-50, if it's of interest to anyone. Resolution and grain seem slightly worse than Copex in ideal circumstances, but especially in HR-Dev it feels like it performs much more 'normally' in terms of contrast and shadow detail. No edge effect either. However, for whatever reason, Copex's performance at infinity was much, much better. With three different cameras and lenses, shots at infinity on HR-50 all looked very slightly out of focus. Something to do with the thickness of the emulsion maybe? Also, HR-50 stained my reels and fixer black, which was less than great.

Anyway, here's a comparison (very unscientifically not shot on the same day but at least with the same gear). Full scans are 11000px wide, so what, 7800ish dpi?
Copex in Caffenol CLCN: Scan00391.jpg
HR-50 in HR-Dev: Scan00330-Pano.jpg
 
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I had some pretty odd results with HR-50, if it's of interest to anyone. Resolution and grain seem slightly worse than Copex in ideal circumstances, but especially in HR-Dev it feels like it performs much more 'normally' in terms of contrast and shadow detail. No edge effect either.

Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm, HR-50 is not.
Therefore sharpness and resolution of CoRa are higher, which is to be expected (tested both films in my resolution test and got exactly the expected results).
But I've got finer grain with HR-50 in HR Dev compared to CoRa in the dedicated SPUR developer. Was also expected, no surprise. I've got sharp results with HR Dev, too.
And I have also never had any problems with staining.

Best regards,
Henning
 

cptrios

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The hr-dev caused the staining?

With the reels, I can't be sure, but the developer turned dark grey whether it was HR-Dev or HC-110.

Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm, HR-50 is not.
Therefore sharpness and resolution of CoRa are higher, which is to be expected (tested both films in my resolution test and got exactly the expected results).
But I've got finer grain with HR-50 in HR Dev compared to CoRa in the dedicated SPUR developer. Was also expected, no surprise. I've got sharp results with HR Dev, too.
And I have also never had any problems with staining.

Best regards,
Henning

That sounds about right! And I don't want to exaggerate the reel staining - it's just a noticeable bit inside the film channels. Nothing horrible.
 
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Crysist

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Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm, HR-50 is not.
Therefore sharpness and resolution of CoRa are higher, which is to be expected (tested both films in my resolution test and got exactly the expected results).
But I've got finer grain with HR-50 in HR Dev compared to CoRa in the dedicated SPUR developer. Was also expected, no surprise. I've got sharp results with HR Dev, too.
And I have also never had any problems with staining.

Best regards,
Henning

I actually just got some Copex Rapid to try out (...how does it differ from the older Pan Rapid I see mentioned around?) It seemed my only option for CMS 20 would be to import it so I went for CoRa.

Sorry for being out of the loop here: how is that result expected? I thought SPUR, which was paired also to Copex Rapid as ADOTECH IV is to CMS 20 II, was for taming the contrast while keeping the sharpness. I guess there's multiple SPUR developers as well, so that would also depend. What's the features of HR Dev and SPUR that made this expected? Does the drastic amount that these developers tame the contrast have negative effects elsewhere such that HR-50 is finer-grained with its developer?

Honestly, this thread coming back makes for a perfect time to ask about trying it! I got some CoRa and some ADOTECH IV... cause why not. I'm sure my 60-90 year old lenses will do a great job on it lol
 

loccdor

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I actually just got some Copex Rapid to try out

Have fun with it. If you shoot it on overcast days, normal compensating developers in stand or semi-stand will give you pictures full of rich contrasty detail. It's when you shoot it in directional light that things get more difficult. So one possibility is to only go shoot with it when the light is dull.
 
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Sorry for being out of the loop here: how is that result expected?

Because Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm with much higher light sensitivity than most other microfilms (like Agfa HDP). Rapid = fast.
It gives excellent resolution and sharpness, but is not as extremely fine grained as other microfilms with much lower sensitivity.

The base film for HR-50, and the ADOX Speed Boost technology, have a completely different origin and are related to pictorial halftone photography, not to microfilm applications like CoRa.

I thought SPUR, which was paired also to Copex Rapid as ADOTECH IV is to CMS 20 II, was for taming the contrast while keeping the sharpness.

SPUR's approach with their special developers for microfilms is:
- taming the contrast and creating a more linear characteristic curve
- exploiting the film speed as best as possible
- optimising the sharpness and resolution of the film.

The best developer for Agfa Copex Rapid is the current SPUR Dokuspeed SL-N.
If you want to fully exploit the potential of CoRa, that is the developer to use. I generally recommend to avoid conventional developers for this film: It is like putting the wheels of your 60 years old VW Beetle to your current Ferrari.

Does the drastic amount that these developers tame the contrast have negative effects elsewhere such that HR-50 is finer-grained with its developer?

No, as explained above: It is simply because they are very different films developed / designed for completely different purposes.

Honestly, this thread coming back makes for a perfect time to ask about trying it! I got some CoRa and some ADOTECH IV... cause why not.

See above, don't waste very rare high quality film and high-value developer by using a sub-optimal combination. For CoRa, use Dokuspeed SL-N.

Best regards,
Henning
 

Alan Johnson

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Here is a film for archiving movies presently available in cassettes, IDK how it compares to the Agfa films:
Review:
Also:
 
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cptrios

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Here is a film for archiving movies presently available in cassettes, IDK how it compares to the Agfa films:
Review:
Also:

FPP sells that 2238 as "Fine Grain Six." I have a few rolls sitting around because 6 ISO is just not super fun to use. It's interesting to see that Ultrafine suggests ISO 25 - maybe it's a try! I actually recently shot a few frames of it that I'll post here if I get some time. Developed in HC-110, it is indeed very fine-grained and has a fairly nice look to it, but definitely isn't as high-res as the other films mentioned here.
 
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Crysist

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Because Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm with much higher light sensitivity than most other microfilms (like Agfa HDP). Rapid = fast.
It gives excellent resolution and sharpness, but is not as extremely fine grained as other microfilms with much lower sensitivity.

The base film for HR-50, and the ADOX Speed Boost technology, have a completely different origin and are related to pictorial halftone photography, not to microfilm applications like CoRa.
Well this brings up something else: what does "pictorial halftone photography" mean compared to "continuous tone"? I see it used when talking about film + developer pairs that are used to lower super-high contrast films. But what does "halftone" mean in photography? Does it mean the emulsion is so thin that there will be a halftone-like rendering? That gradations will look spotty rather than smooth? And does that mean such films can be used to directly make halftones for printing?

SPUR's approach with their special developers for microfilms is:
- taming the contrast and creating a more linear characteristic curve
- exploiting the film speed as best as possible
- optimising the sharpness and resolution of the film.

The best developer for Agfa Copex Rapid is the current SPUR Dokuspeed SL-N.
If you want to fully exploit the potential of CoRa, that is the developer to use. I generally recommend to avoid conventional developers for this film: It is like putting the wheels of your 60 years old VW Beetle to your current Ferrari.
Hmm, then let me focus on the CMS 20 developer by comparison. Because I can try HR-50 and its developer another time.

The SPUR developer seems very similar in its goals to ADOTECH, mainly regarding lowering the large contrast and keeping the sharpness. I figured Adox and SPUR were among a few companies who'd wanted to exploit microfilms for pictorial purposes. How else do they differ then?

And I know ADOTECH is quite unique because many of the threads where people have tried using alternative developers (i.e. POTA) for microfilms, they still get too much contrast. So ADOTECH and SPUR's developers seem to be particularly well-formulated for it. With the exception of SPUR's being for a less fine-grained microfilm.

See above, don't waste very rare high quality film and high-value developer by using a sub-optimal combination. For CoRa, use Dokuspeed SL-N.
Ok ok! I ordered some SL-N for the CoRa and some CMS 20 for my ADOTECH. Now they'll all be happy married! Should I shoot each at their rated speed?

It's weird that B&H stocks ADOTECH but no CMS 20 (but I think they previously did?), and CoRa but no SPUR developers...

Furthermore, I did just check and found Copex Rapid was discontinued on B&H. I had just bought 2 rolls 1 month ago. I thought it wasn't rare because it seemed so readily available there. Huh. I might end up with excess developer.

Isn't Copex Rapid one of the "Agfa-Gevaert Aviphot Pan" varieties of aerial film? Wasn't CMS 20 "Aviphot 20" and Copex Rapid "Aviphot 80" rated at 50? I've seen discussions on the forum about which of many films Rollei and others offer simply being one of them. Have they just been discontinuing all of them lately?

Thank you for answering my questions so completely again, Henning! I really appreciate it!
 

Andrew O'Neill

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@Crysist, Adox has discontinued CMS 20 II. I believe you can still order some from fotoimpex, while supplies last.
In regards to POTA, which I have used over the years, and with CMS 20 II, it gives excellent results, coming close to what Adotech IV can do. Adotech IV is still the number one developer for CMS 20 II. I always expose it at EI 12.
 

Alan Johnson

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There seems to be at least 3 types of low ISO non-traditional films still of limited availability.
Microfilms for copying documents (Agfa, production discontinued) - CMS20 II and Agfa Copex Rapid.
Aerial surveillance films (Agfa and others, still in production) Aviphot 80 and derivatives.
Films for archiving movies (Kodak, Fuji, still in production) eg Kodak 2238, Fuji Eterna RDS 4791,also Kodak SO-331 (discontinued?).
 
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Donald Qualls

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Films for archiving movies (Kodak, Fuji, still in production) eg Kodak 2238, Fuji Eterna RDS 4791,also Kodak SO-331 (discontinued?).

Also includes ORWO DN21, which Lomography rebrands as Berlin 13. I've got a bulk roll of DN21 that I got directly from ORWO's Florida sales agency; it's pretty fine grained, but it's no microfilm.
 

loccdor

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Furthermore, I did just check and found Copex Rapid was discontinued on B&H. I had just bought 2 rolls 1 month ago. I thought it wasn't rare because it seemed so readily available there. Huh. I might end up with excess developer.

Yeah, that sucked, it was only $6 per roll too. I would have definitely been a repeat customer.
 

wiltw

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I have to wonder how long the need for microfilm will keep it around...digital storage is much more compact, more conducive to copying for distribution than film copying, and can have incredibly fine resolution.
 
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Well this brings up something else: what does "pictorial halftone photography" mean compared to "continuous tone"?

That are just different expressions for the same subject: A film (or film-developer combination) that delivers a full tonal scale from deep black, over all grey tones in-between to a bright white.
So if you photograph whith such a film e.g. a 20-step stepwedge, you will get full black, all grey tones from very dark to very bright grey, and full bright white.
And the optimal case is that this film renders these 20 steps exactly like the original, with the same brightness difference between the steps like the original.

The SPUR developer seems very similar in its goals to ADOTECH, mainly regarding lowering the large contrast and keeping the sharpness.

In general it is the same technology behind it. It is just that SPUR Dokuspeed SL-N is optimized for Agfa Copex Rapid / SPUR DSX, and ADOTECH IV is optimized for ADOX CMS 20 II.

I figured Adox and SPUR were among a few companies who'd wanted to exploit microfilms for pictorial purposes. How else do they differ then?

There are no differences in the general targets. And both companies are cooperating.

And I know ADOTECH is quite unique because many of the threads where people have tried using alternative developers (i.e. POTA) for microfilms, they still get too much contrast. So ADOTECH and SPUR's developers seem to be particularly well-formulated for it.

They are indeed. Decades of R&D lead to these developers.

With the exception of SPUR's being for a less fine-grained microfilm.

SPUR is also offering a dedicated developer (Nanotech UR) for their lower speed Ultra R 800 ultra-high resolution microfilm.

Ok ok! I ordered some SL-N for the CoRa and some CMS 20 for my ADOTECH. Now they'll all be happy married! Should I shoot each at their rated speed?

Personally I care for an optimal characteristic curve / tonality with sufficient shadow detail, therefore I am using CoRa / Dokuspeed SL at E.I. 25/15°, and CMS 20 II / ADOTECH IV with E.I 3/6° to 6/9° when I am working with a tripod, and E.I. 12/12° handheld (often with a manually reduced fill-in flash).

Isn't Copex Rapid one of the "Agfa-Gevaert Aviphot Pan" varieties of aerial film?

No! It has absolutely nothing to do with their Aviphot Pan line. Completely different films. Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm.
The Agfa Aviphot Pan films are all super-panchromatic with extended red sensitivity (red is recorded brighter). And the Agfa microfilms are ortho-panchromatic with less red sensitivity (red is recorded darker compared to normal panchromatic films).
The characteristic curves are also very different, and the resolution as well.

Wasn't CMS 20 "Aviphot 20" and Copex Rapid "Aviphot 80" rated at 50?

No, no, no!!
See explanation above.

I've seen discussions on the forum about which of many films Rollei and others offer simply being one of them. Have they just been discontinuing all of them lately?

Agfa has stopped the production of microfilms, which were produced for Imagelink.
The production of aerial films has not stopped (at least so far).

Best regards,
Henning
 

MattKing

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Well this brings up something else: what does "pictorial halftone photography" mean compared to "continuous tone"?

In the graphic arts/commercial printing world, one used halftone techniques to create apparent continuous tone images when using printing technologies with monochrome or tri-colour ink.
If you see the phrase "pictorial halftone photography", the user of the phrase is at least associated with the printing or publishing world.
 
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Crysist

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@Crysist, Adox has discontinued CMS 20 II. I believe you can still order some from fotoimpex, while supplies last.
In regards to POTA, which I have used over the years, and with CMS 20 II, it gives excellent results, coming close to what Adotech IV can do. Adotech IV is still the number one developer for CMS 20 II. I always expose it at EI 12.
Yep, I'm sadly aware (hence this thread)

Sadly it seems soon we might have an abundance of low-contrast developers for microfilms with fewer and fewer microfilms to use them on!

Yeah, that sucked, it was only $6 per roll too. I would have definitely been a repeat customer.
Same :C

There seems to be at least 3 types of low ISO non-traditional films still of limited availability.
Microfilms for copying documents (Agfa, production discontinued) - CMS20 II and Agfa Copex Rapid.
Aerial surveillance films (Agfa and others, still in production) Aviphot 80 and derivatives.
Films for archiving movies (Kodak, Fuji, still in production) eg Kodak 2238, Fuji Eterna RDS 4791,also Kodak SO-331 (discontinued?).
I guess Fuji HR-21 is still an option, boasting similar specs to CMS 20 II, but it lacks perforations. I wonder how Kodak 2238 would do, though.

That are just different expressions for the same subject: A film (or film-developer combination) that delivers a full tonal scale from deep black, over all grey tones in-between to a bright white.
So if you photograph whith such a film e.g. a 20-step stepwedge, you will get full black, all grey tones from very dark to very bright grey, and full bright white.
And the optimal case is that this film renders these 20 steps exactly like the original, with the same brightness difference between the steps like the original.
Halftone is referring to the same thing? Being able to represent intermediate shades? I thought it meant it would specifically represent it in a halftone-like pattern, as opposed to having a smooth gradient. Those terms seemed to oppose each other when talking about printing, with "halftoning" being a compromising step because of the lack of any mid-tone inks.

But they're really just the same thing?

In general it is the same technology behind it. It is just that SPUR Dokuspeed SL-N is optimized for Agfa Copex Rapid / SPUR DSX, and ADOTECH IV is optimized for ADOX CMS 20 II.
There are no differences in the general targets. And both companies are cooperating.
Oh, that's fascinating! The technologies these companies have pioneered have been so cool, especially now having learned so much more about SPUR (and gigabitfilm) in this thread! That's part of the reason why the announcement was upsetting because I didn't want this fantastic work to fade away

They are indeed. Decades of R&D lead to these developers.
POTA was apparently developed to capture a range of exposures that'd occur during a nuclear test. There's another formula people use that's apparently better but Adotech seems to stand at another level. On that note, have you experimented with any other uses for them? Seeing as I may have an excess very soon, I wonder what other case would be fun to try.

SPUR is also offering a dedicated developer (Nanotech UR) for their lower speed Ultra R 800 ultra-high resolution microfilm.
Is that film also produced by AGFA or MACO and being discontinued soon too?

Personally I care for an optimal characteristic curve / tonality with sufficient shadow detail, therefore I am using CoRa / Dokuspeed SL at E.I. 25/15°, and CMS 20 II / ADOTECH IV with E.I 3/6° to 6/9° when I am working with a tripod, and E.I. 12/12° handheld (often with a manually reduced fill-in flash).
I've gravitated towards this very quickly when shooting negative film. With the addition of all the juicy language used for the results of rating film slower (thick, dense, fat, beefy, etc) and avoiding the muddiness with underexposing, I only see benefits. Or at least punching things up by developing longer seems good too. Anything to avoid underexposure for what the film is rated. Can you push these developers as well?

No! It has absolutely nothing to do with their Aviphot Pan line. Completely different films. Agfa Copex Rapid is a microfilm.
The Agfa Aviphot Pan films are all super-panchromatic with extended red sensitivity (red is recorded brighter). And the Agfa microfilms are ortho-panchromatic with less red sensitivity (red is recorded darker compared to normal panchromatic films).
The characteristic curves are also very different, and the resolution as well.
No, no, no!!
See explanation above.
Sorry about that, I must have misremembered some of the conjecture I saw on here about the Aviphot films!

Agfa has stopped the production of microfilms, which were produced for Imagelink.
The production of aerial films has not stopped (at least so far).
Fingers crossed! I saw a comparison between a large format B&W photo from an aerial survey and later systems and it was funny how drastic the difference was. Of course, large format would do that anyway, but B&W can resolve better more easily. Oh, hey! "Wild", the company Bertele from Zeiss worked for and made that super special Biogon predecessor for! (I love this article)

In the graphic arts/commercial printing world, one used halftone techniques to create apparent continuous tone images when using printing technologies with monochrome or tri-colour ink.
If you see the phrase "pictorial halftone photography", the user of the phrase is at least associated with the printing or publishing world.
I see. But it's not referring to anything different from any other films, right? Not to differentiate it from other films' HD curves' in any way?

I confused or kind of worried seeing that term used in photography because I always feel like it's referring to something entirely unique and I never knew what it meant in photography.

Thank you all for your help!
 

MattKing

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I see. But it's not referring to anything different from any other films, right? Not to differentiate it from other films' HD curves' in any way?

Back in the day, there were a large number of film products oriented toward graphics arts/printing/microfilm/document copying applications. The products designed for half-tone production would have had an HD curve that was optimized for use in the application they were targeted for, rather than the type of things you most likely are doing with the cameras you use. So anything like re-purposed microfilm would definitely provide a different HD curve if used in the developers they were designed for.
The purpose of all the special purpose developers referred to in this and other similar threads is to attempt to get those films designed for other types of imaging to behave - ie offer similar HD curves - somewhat like the more general purpose films. Some of the film and developer combinations do that better than others.
 

Donald Qualls

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Some of the film and developer combinations do that better than others.

Also, some of the ones that do it well lose a lot of film speed relative to others that give a useful H-D curve. For instance, H&W Control is generally good for 2/3 stop increase over Caffenol LC+C (mostly due to phenidone as a developing agent).
 
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