Following your instructions, I removed the escapement mechanism, disassembled it, cleaned it with acetone and oiled the bearings. The new shutter speeds are now very good in my opinion.
EV: shutter speed before -> after (nominal value)
B: ok
8.5: 1/73 -> 1/35 (1/45)
10: 1/10 -> 1/60 (1/60)
11: 1/12 -> 1/80 (1/80)
12: 1/12 -> 1/88 (1/100)
13: 1/20 -> 1/110 (1/125)
14: 1/16 -> 1/130 (1/150)
15: 1/25 -> 1/150 (1/200)
16: 1/30 -> 1/180 (1/250)
I'll clean the viewfinder tomorrow. And then I'm waiting for the spare part Atoron, which I bought today for 20 euros. It reportedly has a working light meter (although it is in poor external condition).